The Volatile Composition, Biosynthesis Pathways, Breeding Strategies, and Regulation Measures of Apple Aroma: A Review

The Volatile Composition, Biosynthesis Pathways, Breeding Strategies, and Regulation Measures of Apple Aroma: A Review

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Aroma is an important characteristic of apples, contributing significantly to fruit flavor and consumer acceptance.The aroma profile in apple fruits results from the interaction of multiple here volatiles, including esters, alcohols, aldehydes, terpenoids, and others, which are mainly derived from the fatty acid, amino acid, terpenoid, and phenylpropanoid metabolic pathways.With progress in omics technologies, it is of practical significance to uncover the biosynthetic pathway and regulatory mechanism underlying the formation of volatiles, not only for elucidating the apple molecular mechanisms underlying key genetic pathways and in advancing the development of novel apple varieties with optimized fragrance profiles through precision breeding techniques.

In this review, the aroma composition in apple fruits and the biosynthesis pathways for volatile formation are summarized.Furthermore, the breeding strategies with molecular techniques and the regulation measures about weleda skin food 75ml best price application engineering on apple aroma are also discussed.This review provides valuable insights for the improvement of apple aroma quality in the future.